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PUNISHMENT & INEQUALITY
Over recent decades, income, wealth, and other inequalities have widened. This matters because in practice, all people are not equal before the law. Across institutions, states punish “crimes of poverty” and use sanctions to govern people met with economic injustice.
PUNISHMENT & RACISM
Punitive politics do not fall equally on all. Disproportionately impacted are people from racialized groups, migrants, and people from other non-majority groups. The broader societal consequences of punishment are also gendered and racialized.
PUNISHMENT IN EUROPE
Unlike in the United States, punishment is hardly politicized in most European countries. But across Europe people are far too often fined, held in pretrial detention, jailed, or otherwise placed under carceral control. And these consequences are disproportionately brought upon racialized people and communities, people with lower incomes, migrants, and other non-majority groups.